In the heart of bustling cities, hidden stories lie beneath forgotten headstones of African American cemeteries. Once the focal points of thriving Black communities, these sacred sites now face the risk of disappearing as urban renewal projects reshape our cities. The kinship among these historic cemeteries unveils a significant narrative about cultural identity and the vital need to remember communities that have been overlooked.
As cities grow, many neighborhoods once rich in African American culture are labeled as blighted. In the push for change, the historical importance of Black neighborhoods and their burial grounds is often ignored. This blog post aims to shed light on the value of these undiscovered sites and the pressing need to preserve their stories.
The Historical Significance of African American Cemeteries
African American cemeteries are treasure troves of cultural history filled with stories of strength and community. Established during times of systemic oppression, these sites were among the few places where African Americans could honor their loved ones with dignity.
For instance, Contraband and Freedmen's Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia, is home to a section dedicated to Black residents that includes prominent figures like Dr. John Chavis, a free Black man who is known for his contributions to education in the early 19th century. Similarly, Slims Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia, contains graves of financially self-sustaining Black families who built a legacy during a time when their rights and livelihoods were severely restricted.
These burial grounds hold vital clues to understanding not just local Black history but also the broader, often painful narrative of African Americans in the United States. The inscriptions on headstones tell tales of love, struggle, and triumph, capturing the essence of familial and communal bonds that have shaped Black culture throughout history.
Understanding the significance of these sites is crucial for honoring the vital narratives they preserve. A cemetery thus neglected can become invisible after grave markers decay, topple over or are removed, and the land becomes overgrown and littered with trash. In general, a well-kept setting helps deter vandalism by conveying the message that someone cares. Conversely, an unkempt setting conveys a lack of concern and an implicit toleration of vandalism or neglect (Gallagher 1993: 190). Over time, neglect could continue until a cemetery fades from view. Then, when someone plans to use the land for other reasons, there are no advocates
Urban Renewal and Its Impact
Urban renewal programs often promise progress, but they frequently erase the legacy of historical Black neighborhoods. As cities chase development, vibrant communities have faced displacement, and cultural landmarks like cemeteries have been overlooked or destroyed.
Take the Black Baptist Cemetery in Alexandria, the cemetery of the Silver Leaf (Colored) Society of Alexandria, dates from 1885, but there is evidence of burials at this site prior to the Civil War. The present park setting displays six headstones that are reset as close as possible to the associated graves. The Jerome Meadows sculpture in the park commemorate notable African American leaders, institutions, and those buried in the cemetery The cemetery, across a stream from the cemeteries in the Wilkes Street Cemetery Complex, had been abandoned and was covered with landfill in the early 1960s. Prior to development of the park, there were archaeological excavations on this site. Headstones were found with the names Anthony Hunter, Sarah Hunter, Julia Ann Washington, Mary Rome and Matilda Gaines. In all, 28 burials were located. In some instances shells were placed above the graves, common in African American mortuary tradition (Anderson, Adrian D 0).
Urban renewal devastated this once-thriving area of what was once a vibrant African American neighborhood known for its cultural contributions; resulting in the loss of homes and cemeteries pivotal to the community's heritage. A Report on Alexandria's Archaeological Protection Ordinance (Alexandria Archaeology 1989:40) estimated that over 70 percent of the land in Old Town still has the potential for containing archaeological resources, but many of the remains have been destroyed in the name of progress.
When cities prioritize economic advancement over cultural preservation, the impacts extend beyond mere physical loss. The erasure of Black cemeteries and communities weakens the connections future generations have with their heritage and shared identity.
The Kinship Between Forgotten Cemeteries
A deep kinship exists among these neglected cemeteries. Each site weaves a unique story of cultural identity that reflects the collective memory of communities that once thrived.
This connection is vital for preserving these sites. For example, research into one cemetery may reveal relationships to another, highlighting family ties and expanded community stories. Such links help honor the legacy of those buried there, enhancing our understanding of the histories overshadowed by urban renewal.
Recognizing these kinships can mobilize communities to advocate for preservation. Grassroots initiatives and heritage organizations play a pivotal role in ensuring these cemeteries and their histories are integrated into historical preservation efforts. A cemetery thus neglected can become invisible after grave markers decay, topple over or are removed, and the land becomes overgrown and littered with trash. In general, a well-kept setting helps deter vandalism by conveying the message that someone cares. Conversely, an unkempt setting conveys a lack of concern and an implicit toleration of vandalism or neglect (Gallagher 1993: 190). Over time, neglect could continue until a cemetery fades from view. Then, when someone plans to use the land for other reasons, there are no advocates.
Additionally, human-caused threats to tombstones include air pollution and acid rain that can erode them, power mowers that damage or deface them, vandalism, modem attempts to clean them, the deliberate (but regrettable) movement of the stones" out of the way" to protect them and so forth (Schafer 1991:3-4).
The Importance of Preservation Efforts
Preservation of African American cemeteries faces challenges such as funding shortages and limited community engagement. Yet, the benefits of preserving these sites far outweigh the obstacles. These efforts represent a reclaiming of history and identity.
Community members, historians, and advocacy groups can collaborate to ensure these sacred spaces receive the recognition and support they deserve. Initiatives could include restoration efforts, educational programs, and memorial events that foster community involvement and awareness about the stories of those laid to rest.
Incorporating these burial grounds into urban planning also provides a safeguard for their protection. City planners must consider the historical implications of these sites when making development decisions, providing opportunities for community input in urban renewal discussions.
Honoring African American cemeteries not only pays tribute to the deceased but also serves as an enduring reminder for current and future generations of the importance of cultural heritage.
A Call to Action
The forgotten African American cemeteries scattered throughout urban areas deserve attention as cities change. Their kinship tells a powerful historical narrative that connects generations and preserves stories of resilience and community.
As urban renewal projects transform spaces, it is urgent to advocate for the acknowledgment and preservation of these cemeteries. By doing so, we honor the legacies of those who came before us and ensure their histories enrich the lives of future generations. Together, we can unearth these lost histories and restore dignity to the forgotten through meaningful remembrance and action.
